Category: Brain Development

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One Size Fits Most Doesn’t Work in the Classroom

Last week, while getting my kids ready for school, I checked my weather app to see what the day was going to look like. I was shocked to see that it was a mere 30 degrees Fahrenheit outside, and that it wasn’t going to get warmer than the high 40s during the day. I wasn’t prepared for such low temperatures quite yet, so I sent my husband down to dig out our winter bin. In a frenzy, we began digging through the bin, searching for the appropriate sizes of coats and gloves we would need to keep our kids warm. We were soon met with a pile of gloves of varying sizes and colors. The tags on each glove were ominously labeled with the ever so (not so) precise “one size fits most” sizing. All the gloves were youth sized, yet they were all different sizes, but all labeled that they would fit most kids. The problem with that sizing? My ten year old’s hands are much larger than my four and five year old’s hands. So no, one size didn’t fit most, and it left some of my kids with floppy-fingered or stretched to the max gloves. 

At least they had something on their hands, though, right? I guess.

We frequently see a similar problem in education. So often, we deliver instruction and curriculum that is sized as “one size fits all”, when really, it doesn’t fit all in the same way. Our instruction may fit “most” and might serve the middle ground of our classroom, but there will always be students who don’t fit into that middle ground. Teachers will encounter students who are accelerated learners, needing more of a challenge than their peers. On the other end of the spectrum, teachers will have students who find the material too challenging and sometimes inaccessible entirely. It creates a tricky situation.

As teachers, we have the responsibility to see that all of our students are making progress, regardless of their intellectual abilities. And if a student is not making the progress that would be expected, the best practice would be to get that student placed in the most appropriate learning environment with the kind of help they might need.

With upwards of 40 students in a classroom for some teachers, what do you do for those students who don’t fit into the “most” category of your curriculum sizing? Making 40 different assignments wouldn’t be realistic, and you certainly can’t just leave them behind— the repercussions of such an action would be frustrating and discouraging for the students who get left behind. 

When we are faced with situations like this, we have to think back to our college days when we were learning all about differentiation and accommodation. We’ve got to pull that mental file out of the back of our minds, dust it off, and figure out ways to best serve our students. 

How we do that looks different for each student that needs different instruction. One student might need a reduced number of questions on a test. Another might need questions worded differently and more simply. One might need more rigorous work, requiring a higher level of thinking. Some students may need an assignment that is completely different than the rest of the class, but still assesses the same learning goals. 

I recall a time during my first year of teaching when I had a student who had just moved to the United States. Her knowledge and understanding of the English language was very limited. She most certainly did not fit into the “most” category. When it came time to do a class novel study, rather than expecting her to be able to read and understand the novel in English, I was able to find the novel in her native language, and give her assignment that had been translated into her language. This way, she was able to still participate and learn the concepts we were focusing on, but it was accessible to her and what she needed. 

Another time comes to mind later in my teaching career when I had a student who was very much academically ahead of her peers. Unfortunately, her schedule didn’t work out to have her placed in my accelerated class. Rather than have her get bored with what I was teaching her class period, I assigned her what I was teaching to the accelerated class. Again, she still was able to participate and learn what I needed her to, but it was at her level and gave her the appropriate amount of challenge. 

If a student was on an IEP and had specific goals about test accommodations or differentiation, I would often reduce the number of questions they had to answer so that the test didn’t feel so overwhelming. Sometimes I would eliminate questions on assignments or rewrite them in a simpler way to help my struggling students to be able to access the information more easily.

These things didn’t take a lot of extra time for me to do, but they made a world of difference to the students who needed the help. Some of my other students would see these accommodations being made and would complain to me that “it wasn’t fair” to the rest of the class. At that point, I would remind them of the quote I had hanging in the back of my room that said, “Fair isn’t everyone getting the same thing. Fair is everyone getting what they need to succeed.” They would usually stop complaining at that point and would move on, realizing that their complaining wasn’t going to get them anywhere. 

Providing all students with a chance to succeed is our job as teachers. We aren’t there to make students feel like failures. We’re not there to make their lives frustrating and miserable. Our goal is to create a learning environment that is welcoming, safe, and one that leads to success. As you plan your next lesson, unit, assignment, or test, take a minute to think about who in your class doesn’t fit into the “most” category, and see what you can do to help them feel more successful in your classroom. I promise it will be worth your time, energy, and thought. 

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Physical Activity is Crucial for Growing Minds

There are many factors to consider when thinking about the overall well being of students in a classroom. All areas of health and well being are important— mental, emotional, social, and physical. Some are easier than others to address in a classroom setting, but all are equally crucial to a child’s well being. As teachers, it is important that we are taking time to provide opportunities for our students to grow in all areas. Physical health is an area that can be a little trickier to incorporate into a classroom, especially a secondary classroom. It’s not impossible, though! Below are some fun ideas for integrating physical movement into your classroom, regardless of the age or grade you teach. 

  • Brain breaks: Have students stand next to their desks and stretch, shake their arms and legs, or jog in place for 30 seconds. Put on a Danny Go episode and have students follow along with the actions. These kinds of quick, simple activities can help students get their wiggles out and clear their brain so that they can more easily focus on what they are being taught. 
  • Take your class outside (weather permitting) and play a relay game, such as transporting an object from one side of the field to the other. 
  • Take your class on a short walk around the perimeter of the building. If weather doesn’t allow for that, take a walk around the halls of the building, adding in the extra challenge of seeing who can be the quietest. 
  • Play PE Bingo, where each student must pick five activities to complete off their Bingo board— and the activities chosen must be in a row to create a Bingo (You can use the free resource below if you’d like.)
  • Do a “name workout”, where each letter of the alphabet is a different exercise, and students must complete the exercises for each letter of their name. (Ex: A- 5 jumping jacks, B- 30 second jog in place, C- 5 pushups, etc.)
  • Play “4 Corners”. Think of a series of multiple choice questions. On paper, create posters with A, B, C, and D on them. Place the papers in the four corners of the room. As you read each question and answer options, students must move around the room to the corner that corresponds to their response to the question. This not only creates a good opportunity for physical activity, but also helps students to see what they have in common with others in their class. 
  • For secondary students, have a class period where you play “old school” playground games— kickball, four square, hopscotch, or wall ball. You’d be surprised at how much fun teenagers have with these kinds of games (even if they put up a front that they are too old for such silliness).

Physical movement is so important for growing bodies and minds. It promotes healthy habits now and encourages kids to continue those healthy habits throughout their lives. Students of all ages need to see that all different areas of health and well being are important, and that there are simple, accessible ways to take care of each of those different areas. 

**Feel free to use the free PE Bingo card below. It is intended solely for classroom or personal use and may not be sold, reposted, or claimed as your own.**

PE BingoDownload
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Handwriting vs. Typing: Is One Better Than the Other?

Learning to write— like the actual formation of letters— is a fundamental skill when learning to read and write in any language. If you don’t know how to form the letters, writing legibly and making sense of what is written becomes nearly impossible. You simply must know how to form each letter before you can start putting letters together to form words, sentences, paragraphs, or entire pages of writing. 

I don’t have much memory of learning to write in standard penmanship, but I do vividly remember learning to write cursive. I recall working so hard and practicing a lot to be able to write cursive neatly and efficiently, and that’s about all I wrote in for a long time. Fast forward lots of years, and my handwriting now has become a hybrid of standard and cursive. My kids are now learning cursive at school, and I am so glad they are. It’s becoming a “lost art” the more we turn to digital forms of communication. 

I read an article the other day on NPR by Jonathan Lambert that discussed the benefits of taking a pencil to paper and writing rather than typing something out. In the article, Lambert points out that taking the time to actually handwrite things has big benefits to children and adults alike. He said, “In kids, studies show that tracing out ABCs, as opposed to typing them, leads to better and longer-lasting recognition and understanding of letters. Writing by hand also improves memory and recall of words, laying down the foundations of literacy and learning. In adults, taking notes by hand during a lecture, instead of typing, can lead to better conceptual understanding of material.”

Sure, typing is much quicker and more efficient. Oftentimes, it’s also more convenient— like when you remember something to add to your “to do” list while you’re out and about; it’s so easy to quickly pull out your phone and type it into your Notes app. But… consider how many times you have been typing and have been on autopilot to the point that you can’t even remember what you typed. I know it has happened to me several times. The brain to hand connection isn’t nearly as strong when typing as it is when actually taking a pen to paper. 

Think for a minute about what has to happen when you type. You locate the letter on the keyboard and click it. Once you have memorized the keyboard, muscle memory kind of kicks in and your fingers almost just know what to do. It’s really pretty cool— you think of a word you want to type out, and as you’re typing, your brain tells your fingers where to move to click each letter. 

Now, take a minute and think about what happens when you pick up a pencil and put it to a piece of paper to write. First, your brain must tell your hand to pick up the pencil and and correctly hold it. Then, you must think about where on the page you are going to start writing (usually the left side). Your brain must then decide which word you are going to spell, then break the word apart and make sense of which letters to write and in which order they go. Next, your brain must communicate to your hand how to form each letter, and on top of that, it is telling your hand to make micro-adjustments as you write out each letter, such as needing to close the circle on your “d” a bit more before you start to make the line on the side of the letter. The amount of brain to hand then back to brain communication is much more involved with handwriting than it is with typing. It’s really quite remarkable. 

Not only does handwriting something take more “brain power” so to speak, it also helps to solidify material and create a stronger memory for recalling information later. Because you often paraphrase what you hear, your brain must process what you are writing, therefore creating a tighter link between the paper and your mind. Whereas with typing, you can often type verbatim what you are hearing, all while not even fully registering what you are typing. 

Obviously, there are definitely times when typing is much more efficient— can you even imagine hand writing that 100 page dissertation for your doctorate degree?! No thank you! But the art of writing by hand has its place as well. Receiving a hand written note from someone you love is so much more meaningful than having them send a text or an email. It also becomes a treasure years down the road to be able to see your grandparents’ handwriting or your kindergartener’s first sentence written out. Handwriting also goes a long way when teaching kids the early foundations of literacy. 

So even though we are becoming more and more digital today, let’s make sure we don’t lost the art of handwriting, for it seems that if we do, it could be detrimental to the way we process written text. Literacy quite literally depends on it!

If you’d like to read the article referenced above, you can find it here.

Lambert, J. (2024, May 11). Why writing by hand beats typing for thinking and learning. NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/05/11/1250529661/handwriting-cursive-typing-schools-learning-brain 

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When Learning and Fun Collide

When learning and play collide, magic happens. I’ve seen it happen in the classroom, at home, and out in the wild. As a parent and teacher, not much makes me happier than to see children having fun and learning while they do it. 

Last week, we headed out of town for a few days with my husband’s family. We mostly did fun recreational activities— swimming, hiking, playing games, etc.— typical things you might do on a vacation. But lucky for us, there was a children’s museum where we were staying, and we got to spend one of our mornings there. Not only was the museum fun for the kids, it was packed with educational opportunities throughout the entire museum. My kids range in ages from ten years old down to four years old, and all five of them were entertained the entire time we were there. 

Each room in the museum had a different theme, providing a plethora of learning opportunities. There was something there for everyone— even the adults in our family played and learned!

In the construction room, there were different kinds of blocks and things to build with. There was a wall with pipes and tubes you could use to construct a path to send a ball through. There was a 3D printer, actively printing something, and a display next to the printer showing different kinds of printing methods and types. 

In the farm and animal room, you could learn how to milk a cow or plant a garden. You could also become a veterinarian and x-ray different animals— with real x-ray images displayed on the screen. 

In the America room, you could learn all about the constitution and our Founding Fathers. You could also play with an interactive map that showed and taught about different landmarks around the state. 

The science room was my favorite! There, we learned how a tornado was formed, experimented with magnetic force, created frozen shadows, played with light refraction, learned about sound waves, and put together a model of the human body. 

There was a dinosaur room, full of information and experiences about dinosaurs, volcanoes, and earthquakes. The library room had lots of cozy little spots and shelves full of books to read. The mining room taught kids about pulleys and levers as they moved “rocks” from one level of the room to the other. There was a barrel lift exercise that led to a lesson about levers and fulcrums and how changing the pivot point makes a difference in ease of lifting the load. 

In the music room, kids could play on a giant floor piano, play some drums, experiment with different notes and pitches, and learn about different sounds. The art room provided different mediums to experiment with. 

They even had a “gym” where kids could practice basketball, throwing, pull ups, rock climbing, balancing, or test their jump height. Parents could be spectators on the mini bleachers they had in the room. 

There was a theater room, complete with a stage, costumes, and music. The bank was a fun way to learn about money, and the grocery store was a fun place to learn about healthy food choices. The car shop let kids perform maintenance on a (pretend) car, and the airport let kids learn about flying a plane. 

With so many different things for kids to do, it’s no wonder we had a hard time pulling our kids away for lunch, and with so many things for kids to learn about, it’s no wonder the parents were eager to let the kids participate! I’m sure the kids didn’t realize how much knowledge they were taking in while they played— they were having so much fun. But as a parent, I loved letting them run and explore, learn, and experiment as they played, knowing that their minds were working and learning as they figured out how to do things at the museum. 

It made me think about how so much of what we learn comes from daily living, where we are experimenting, problem solving, and figuring it out as we go. Sure, we can sit in a classroom for the duration of the school day, and we really can learn a lot while there, but there is definitely something to be said for the learning that happens outside the classroom. So often, people don’t see learning as fun, but in reality, there are so many opportunities around us that can provide fun, engaging, and educational experiences for kids and adults alike. And the magic that happens when those three things intersect is unlike anything else.

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Make it Make Sense!

A few nights ago, I was sitting with my son while he read out loud to me. He is in first grade, so he is still trying to figure out words, sounds, and rules of the English language. He really is a great reader, and he’s catching on quickly, but with so many rules and exceptions to those rules, he’s had some frustrating moments. 

On this night in particular, he was reading a sentence that had the word ‘clean’ in it. His initial pronunciation was something along the lines of “clihaahn”. When he couldn’t figure it out on his own, I stepped in to help him. I told him how to correctly pronounce the word, then explained that when there is an ‘e’ and an ‘a’ next to each other, it will make an ‘eee’ sound. … and then we got to the next page, where there was the word ‘great’ waiting for us, and the little lesson I’d just given him was no longer valid for this new word. Imagine his confusion when I had to explain that sometimes the ‘e’ and the ‘a’ make a different sound together. 

Take, for instance, the following words: clean, great, heart, early, and head. All contain the ‘ea’ digraph… and none of them sound the same! Or take into consideration through, though, tough, cough, and bough. Again, same letter combination, but all pronounced differently. Make it make sense!! 

Not only do we have digraphs that make different sounds, we also have homophones— words that sound the same, but are spelled differently and have different meanings! Sheesh! As if it wasn’t complicated enough already. Trying to keep it all straight is enough to drive a grown person crazy. Thinking about this is flashing me back to my teaching days when the core curriculum required me to teach a certain set of homophones to each grade level. Let me tell you: teaching seventh graders to understand the difference between capitol and capital, principle and principal, there, they’re, and their, and allowed and aloud was quite the task! I found myself coming up with all sorts of creative ways to help them remember the difference between words. 

As someone who has been speaking and reading the English language for a while now, I feel like I have a pretty good grasp on how to pronounce most words. My brain has been programmed and wired to be able to read a word, determine which sound(s) the letter combinations will make, and pronounce the word, all in a matter of fractions of a second. It’s really quite remarkable that our brains can do what they do! Honestly, it’s so automatic that I really don’t even think about the process of figuring out how to pronounce a word anymore. That is, until I’m sitting with my kids while they read, and then I am reminded of just how complex our language is. 

I’m reminded that I, too, was once in the position of not knowing which ‘ea’ words made a long ‘e’ sound, which made a long ‘a’ sound, and which made a ‘eh’ sound. I once struggled to make sense of the letters and words on the pages in front of me, too, and that’s okay. It’s in the struggle of learning that we make sense of things and train our minds to remember the rules and parameters of our language. 

Every time I’m in a position of helping someone learn how to read, I am reminded just how tricky it can be. These reminders have prompted me to be a little more patient and kind. So when I want to loudly exclaim, “Gahhh! Don’t you know that read and great don’t sound the same and don’t rhyme, but phony and bologna do?!”, I tell myself that learning this language is hard, and it’s going to take practice and time for new learners to figure it all out. It’s a slow process, but one that is undeniably worth every single bit of effort, time, and mistake along the way, for teaching someone to read is setting them up for a lifetime of success.

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Homework Isn’t Just Worksheets

We can all agree that there are pros and cons to giving kids homework, and that it really should only be given if it’s meaningful. Reading, for example, is homework I’m never mad about. Building reading skills is crucial for life long success, and the more kids do it, the better they will be at it. Sending home a coloring page, however, doesn’t seem as meaningful to me. Fun? Sure. But a good use of precious after-school time? Not so much. 

I saw a social media post the other day that got me thinking about things that aren’t assigned as homework, but maybe should be. Skills that are important for every day life, people skills, and problem solving skills. Grading them would be subjective, and participation and effort would matter more than the outcome, but what is learned/gained would set kids up for long term success beyond the walls of the classroom. 

How would something like this be assigned and evaluated? I suppose it depends on the skill being practiced. Perhaps teachers can create a “menu” of possible skills for students to choose from. Maybe some teachers would want to assign everyone in the class the same task to work on. Some might even want to create “task groups” where small groups of students are all given a certain task and can help each other and cheer each other on. Evaluation might look like parents signing a log, pictures, written reflection, or some other tangible or observable result of the student’s practice. 

What kinds of things would be assigned? I think this depends on your students’ needs and situations. Obviously, a high school teacher is going to assign some things that are geared more toward older kids, such as learning to balance a bank account, whereas a kindergarten teacher might assign something like learning to tie shoes. 

Here’s a few ideas to get you started:

  • Learning to balance a bank account
  • Learning to make a phone call and set an appointment or order food— not everything has to be done through an app
  • Going to the store to make a purchase— selecting your items, conversing with a cashier, and sticking to a budget are great skills
  • Cooking a simple meal (with adult supervision)
  • Spending time outside— fresh air does wonders for both the body and mind
  • Doing a puzzle or playing a board game with at least one other person— teamwork, cooperation, and good sportsmanship are essential
  • Sitting down to eat a meal as a family— a great chance to have good conversations
  • Helping with household chores— those skills are needed!
  • Helping people
  • Learning how to write a letter, address an envelope, and send it in the mail
  • Go to the library, get a library card, and check out some books
  • Free play— giving kids unstructured play time is SO important for their imaginations
  • If possible, learning how to maintain a yard
  • Learning how to give and receive compliments
  • When it’s an appropriate age, learning to ask someone out on a date, face-to-face
  • Finding a good sleep routine
  • Screen-free time— it’s good for so many reasons
  • Spending time at a retirement or assisted living facility— the older generation can teach us so much
  • Meditation 

Some might argue that parents should be incorporating these skills into their family’s routines and lives, but not all family situations allow for things like this, and unfortunately, not all parents are supportive and involved in their children’s lives. 

And yes, teachers already do so much, using their days to teach core subjects. But I don’t know of a single teacher that wouldn’t mind devoting at least a little bit of time to helping their students build skills that will set them up for life long success. 

Regardless of where you stand regarding these things being assigned as homework, I’m sure we can all agree that the rising generation needs support, guidance, and encouragement as they navigate life and learn essential skills. 

What else would you add to the list above?

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Learning Can Be Fun?

I typically only have one of my kids home with me each afternoon, but yesterday my kindergartner was home sick. My preschooler was excited to have a buddy at home with her, and insisted they play with our magnetic tiles. I got them out of the closet and expected them to start building and creating with them. Instead of doing that, I was surprised to see that they had begun to sort the tiles by size, shape, and color. My teacher heart leaped as I watched them unintentionally engage themselves in a pre-math activity. Learning without them knowing it’s learning? Yes, please!

These kinds of activities are a win-win for both kids and teachers (or parents). The kids are going about the task, having fun playing, all the while learning or practicing skills or knowledge they have learned. Oftentimes as teachers, we purposely set up these kinds of activities for our students. We try to plan and execute fun, engaging ways to teach our content. We intentionally create opportunities for fun in our classrooms— sometimes students can hardly believe that they are actually having a fun time at school! 

Sometimes these kinds of activities and learning opportunities happen naturally, without us even trying, such as what happened with my kids and their magnetic tiles. These unintentional lessons can be a gateway to further learning as kids experiment with methods, concepts, and ideas. They can lead to increased problem solving, hypothesis forming, and further investigation. 

If we can get students to become active participants in their learning, they are more likely to remember what is being taught. Connecting an experience to a concept allows for the brain to create a new synapse or neural pathway. It’s amazing! Allowing the brain to work cooperatively with the hands, eyes, ears, and other senses heightens the learning experience and makes it more memorable. 

When we allow kids to push the limits of learning on their own, amazing things happen. If we let go of some of the control over an activity or task, oftentimes students will take control and learn more than we had planned for— which is never a bad thing! It’s hard sometimes to let go and allow students to explore, but the reward can be great if we do. 

Giving students the opportunity to take initiative with what they are learning lends itself to students becoming more engaged and interested in the learning process. It’s especially amazing if they get to a point where they forget or don’t even realize that they are learning or doing school work. Having fun and learning? A golden combination, for sure!